Before and after the films, everyone’s invited to indulge
in our Humanist Vegetarian Organic Refreshments
Wednesday,
January 7 at 7:30 pm
Planet
Earth
I:
Deep
Ocean;
II: Deserts
This first episode of this evening's spectacular documentary concentrates on the most unexplored area of the planet: the deep ocean. It begins with a whale shark used as a shield by a shoal of bait fish to protect themselves from yellowfin tuna. Also shown is an oceanic whitetip shark trailing rainbow runners. Meanwhile, a 500-strong school of dolphins head for the Azores, where they work together to feast on scad mackerel. Down in the ocean's furthest reaches, some creatures defy classification. On the sea floor, scavengers such as the spider crab bide their time, awaiting carrion from above. The volcanic mountain chain at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean also sustains life through the bacteria that surround its sulphide vents. There are thought to be around 30,000 undersea volcanoes, some of them taller than Mount Everest. Their sheer cliffs provide anchorage for several corals and sponges. Nearer the surface, the currents that surround these sea mountains force nutrients up from below and thus marine life around them is abundant. Off the Mexican coast, a large group of sailfish encircle another shoal of bait fish. The hunters change color as a message of their intentions, since an attack could also be fatal to others of their number. The last sequence depicts the largest animal on Earth: the blue whale, of which 300,000 once roamed the world's oceans. Now fewer than 3% remain.
This second episode features the harsh environment that covers one third of the Earth:deserts. Due to Siberian winds, Mongolia's Gobi Desert reaches extremes of temperature like no other, ranging from –40°C to +50°C. It is home to the rare Bactrian camel, which eats snow to maintain its fluid level and must limit itself to 10 liters a day if it is not to prove fatal. Africa's Sahara is the size of America, and just one of its severe dust storms could cover the whole of Great Britain. While some creatures, such as the dromedary, take them in their stride, for others the only escape from such bombardments is to bury themselves in the sand. Few rocks can resist them either and the outcrops shown in Egypt's White Desert are being inexorably eroded. The biggest dunes (300 metres high) are to be found in Namibia, while other deserts featured are the Atacama in Chile, the Sonoran in Arizona, and areas of the Australian outback and Utah. Animals are shown searching for food and surviving in such an unforgiving habitat:African elephants that walk up to 50 miles per day to find food; lions (hunting oryx); red kangaroos (which moisten their forelegs with saliva to keep cool); nocturnal fennec foxes, acrobatic flat lizards feeding on black flies, and duelling Nubian ibex. The final sequence illustrates one of nature's most fearsome spectacles: a billion-strong plague of desert locusts, destroying all vegetation in its path.
This first episode of this evening's incredible and riveting documentary looks at the regions of the Arctic and Antarctica. The latter contains 90% of the world's ice, and stays largely deserted until the spring, when visitors arrive to harvest its waters. Snow petrels take their place on nunataks and begin to court, but are preyed on by South Polar skuas. During summer, a pod of humpback whales hunt krill by creating a spiraling net of bubbles. The onset of winter sees the journey of emperor penguins to their breeding grounds, 100 miles inland. Their eggs transferred to the males for safekeeping, the females return to the ocean while their partners huddle into large groups to endure the extreme cold. At the northern end of the planet, Arctic residents include musk oxen, who are hunted by Arctic foxes and wolves. A female polar bear and her two cubs head off across the ice to look for food. As the sun melts the ice, a glimpse of the Earth's potential future reveals a male polar bear that is unable to find a firm footing anywhere and has to resort to swimming ─ which it cannot do indefinitely. Its desperate need to eat brings it to a colony of walrus. Although it attacks repeatedly, the herd is successful in evading it by returning to the sea. Wounded and unable to feed, the bear will not survive. Meanwhile, back in Antarctica, the eggs of the emperor penguins finally hatch.
This second episode is devoted to the shallow seas that fringe the world's continents. Although they constitute 8% of the oceans, they contain most marine life. As humpback whales return to breeding grounds in the tropics, a mother and its calf are followed. While the latter takes in up to 500 litres of milk a day, its parent will starve until it travels back to the poles to feed ─ and it must do this while it still has sufficient energy left for the journey. The coral reefs of Indonesia are home to the biggest variety of ocean dwellers. Examples include banded sea kraits, which ally themselves with goatfish and trevally in order to hunt. In Western Australia, dolphins hydroplane in the shallowest waters to catch a meal, while in Bahrain, 100,000 Socotra cormorants rely on shamals that blow sand grains into the nearby Persian Gulf, transforming it into a rich fishing ground. The appearance of algae in the spring starts a food chain that leads to an abundant harvest, and sea lions and dusky dolphins are among those taking advantage of it. In Southern Africa, as chokka squid are preyed on by short-tail stingray, the Cape fur seals that share the waters are hunted by the world's largest predatory fish: the great white shark. On Marion Island in the Indian Ocean, a group of king penguins must cross a beach occupied by fur seals that do not hesitate to attack them.
This first
episode of
this evening's unsurpassed and inspiring
documentary
deals with
savanna,
steppe,
tundra, and
prairie, and looks at the importance and resilience of
grasses in such treeless ecosystems. Their vast expanses contain the largest concentration of animal life. In
Outer Mongolia, a herd of
Mongolian gazelle flee a
bush fire and has to move on to new grazing, but grass can repair itself rapidly and soon reappears. On the Arctic tundra during spring, millions of
migratory
snow geese arrive to breed and their young are preyed on by Arctic foxes. Meanwhile,
time-lapse photography depicts moving herds of caribou as a calf is brought down by a chasing wolf. On the
North American prairie,
bison engage in the ritual to establish the dominant males. The
Tibetan Plateau is the highest of the plains and despite its relative lack of grass, animals do survive there, including
yak and
wild ass. However, the area's most numerous resident is the
pika, whose nemesis is the
Tibetan fox. In tropical
India, the tall grasses hide some of the largest creatures and also the smallest, such as the
pygmy hog. The final sequence depicts the African savannah and
elephants that are forced to share a waterhole with a pride of thirty lions. The insufficient water makes it an uneasy alliance and the latter gain the upper hand during the night when their hunger drives them to hunt and eventually kill one of the pachyderms.
This second
episode
examines
jungles and
tropical rainforests. These environments occupy only 3% of the land yet are home to over half of the world's species.
New Guinea is inhabited by almost 40 kinds of
birds of paradise, which avoid conflict with each other by living in different parts of the island. Some of their elaborate courtship displays are shown. Within the dense
forest canopy,
sunlight is prized, and the death of a
tree triggers a race by saplings to fill the vacant space.
Figs are a widespread and popular food, and as many as 44 types of
bird and
monkey have been observed picking from a single tree. The sounds of the jungle throughout the day are explored, from the early morning calls of
siamangs and
orangutans to the nocturnal cacophony of courting
tree frogs. The importance of
fungi to the rainforest is illustrated by a sequence of them fruiting, including a
parasite called
cordyceps. The mutual benefits of the relationship between carnivorous
pitcher plants and red
crab spiders is also discussed. In the
Congo, roaming
forest elephants are shown reaching a clearing to feed on essential
clay minerals within the mud. Finally,
chimpanzees are one of the few jungle animals able to traverse both the forest floor and the canopy in search of food. In
Uganda, members of a 150-strong community of the primates mount a raid into neighboring territory in order to gain control of it.
This first
episode of
this evening's inspiring documentary
describes the course taken by
rivers and some of the species that take advantage of such a habitat. Only 3% of the world's water is fresh, yet all life is ultimately dependent on it. Its journey begins as a stream in the mountains, illustrated by
Venezuela's
Tepui, where there is a tropical downpour almost every day. It then travels hundreds of miles before forming
rapids. With the aid of some expansive helicopter photography, one sequence demonstrates the vastness of
Angel Falls, the world's highest free-flowing
waterfall. Its waters drop unbroken for nearly 1,000 meters and are blown away as a mist before they reach the bottom. The erosive nature of rivers is shown by the
Grand Canyon, created over five million years by the
Colorado River. In
Japan, the water is inhabited by the biggest amphibian, the two-meter long
giant salamander, while in the northern hemisphere,
salmon undertake the largest freshwater migration, and are hunted en route by grizzly bears. Also featured are
smooth coated otters repelling
mugger crocodiles and the latter's
Nile cousin ambushing
wildebeest as they cross the
Mara River.
Roseate spoonbills are numerous in the
Pantanal and are prey to
spectacled caiman. In addition, there are
cichlids,
piranhas,
river dolphins and swimming
crab-eating macaques.
This second episode surveys the
coniferous and
deciduous seasonal woodland habitats
─ the most extensive forests on Earth. Conifers begin sparsely in the Arctic but soon dominate the land, and the
taiga circles the globe, containing a third of all the Earth's trees. Few creatures can survive the Arctic climate all year round, but the
moose and
wolverine are exceptions. 1600 kilometers to the south, on the
Pacific coast of North America, conifers have reached their full potential. These include some of the world's tallest trees: the
redwoods. Here, a
pine marten is shown stalking a
squirrel, and
great grey owl chicks take their first flight. Further south still, in the
Valdivian forests of
Chile, a population of smaller animals exist, including the
pudú and the
kodkod. During spring in a European broad-leaved forest, a
mandarin duck leads its day-old family to leap from its tree trunk nest to the leaf litter below. On a summer night on North America's east coast,
periodical cicadas emerge en masse to mate
─ an event that occurs every seventeen years. After revisiting Russia's
Amur leopards in winter, a timelapse sequence illustrates the effect of the ensuing spring on the deciduous forest floor. In
India's teak forests, a
langur monkey strays too far from the
chital that act as its sentinels and falls prey to a
tiger.